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August 1–4
Biracial Women Poets
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities and Arts
Brenda Shaughnessy RI '01 (Lecturer, Princeton University)
The goal of this project is to bring together six biracial women poets for a 3.5 day symposium addressing race, ethnicity, gender, the blurring of racial identities, and the questionable usefulness of strict racial categorization, through personal experience/identity and poetic voice. While race, ethnicity, gender, poetics, and politics have all been discussed as separate issues in relation to the making of literature, the exploration of biraciality or multiethnic identity has been an absolutely invisible one in contemporary American poetry. The discussion sessions at the symposium will be digitally recorded and transcribed, resulting in an article to be published in an as yet undecided forum. It is my belief that this would be an unprecedented exploration of extraordinary political and literary value and its publication a potentially groundbreaking document in American letters.
September
September 19–20
Gender-Based Violence in Recent Intra-State Conflicts
Exploratory Seminar; Social Science
Michael VanRooyen (Harvard Medical School)
Mass rape in war has occurred in many historical circumstances but observers of current intra-state wars have become increasingly concerned that the gender-based violence now taking place in several geographically related areas of Africa has acquired features of unprecedented brutality and scope. Leaders in the humanitarian community (UN agencies and nongovernmental relief organizations, NGOs) acknowledge that they are faced with a situation they do not understand and do not know how to address. The purpose of this exploratory seminar is to convene academic experts from a range of disciplines to begin to examine four main issues aimed at providing major insights into this grave and extensive atrocity:
- Assessment of military parameters (including capabilities and war aims) that promote mass rape in war
- Analysis of circumstantial and population parameters that create vulnerabilities in communities at risk
- Analysis of social, psychological, historical, and political contexts that promote perpetrator culture
- Identification of strategies that in the past have been seen to promote long-term recovery for individuals, communities, and societies exposed to mass rape in conflict settings
This seminar is envisioned as the first and formative step in a research effort that is expected to take two years. It is hoped that the participants in this seminar will affirm and modify the four research aims noted above, identify other academics who should be asked to join this effort, and help frame the longer-term research agenda. A separate prong of this research effort is a series of field research projects now underway in the Eastern Congo. It is anticipated that the results of the academic explorations and the field findings will each inform the other.
October
October 24–25
High-Dimensional Data Analysis: Perspectives from the Interface of Statistics, Biology, and the Information Sciences
Exploratory Seminar; Science
Tianxi Cai RI ’08 (Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health)
Patrick Wolfe (Electrical Engineering, SEAS, Harvard University)
The goal of this multidisciplinary exploratory seminar is to advance the theory and practice of probabilistically modeling disease processes and treatment responses with a large number of genomic, biological, and environmental features. As such features continue to emerge from a wide range of studies, it becomes increasingly important to develop algorithms to identify automatically those that are associated with clinical outcomes of interest. However, the combination of small sample sizes and high dimensionality in the feature space, along with randomness and uncertainty of the observed data, imposes a grand challenge in analyzing high-dimensional data. The scientific community still lacks an effective unifying framework for analyzing high-dimensional data. Investigators from a variety of disciplines have been tackling such problems from perspectives specific to their discipline. This workshop provides a unique opportunity for scholars from diverse disciplines to interact and strengthen each other's knowledge and expertise in analyzing high-dimensional data, to yield maximal new knowledge toward establishing rigorous mathematical and biological foundations for better understanding of health and disease.
November
November 13–15
Emergent Seeing and Knowing: Mapping Practices of Participatory Visual Methods
Advanced Seminar; Humanities, Social Science, and Science
Wendy Luttrell (Harvard Graduate School of Education)
Richard Chalfen (Center on Media and Child Health, Children’s Hospital, Boston)
Our aim is to convene a group of investigators who have used participatory visual methods to take stock of accumulated knowledge and experience across several fields (education, medicine, public health, and human rights work). Our primary charge is to develop a well-articulated and illustrated “map” of various forms of participatory visual methods and interdisciplinary, collaborative investigations of social life, subjectivity, and social interventions—an important task that we know has not yet been accomplished. We will focus on the diverse models of activity, reflexivity, purposes, and outcomes across projects, highlighting the most promising convergences, potential trouble spots, and future directions. Dissemination may include co-authored papers for publication, a coordinated set of papers into an edited volume, or a special journal issue. We anticipate the seminar will generate new proposals for international collaboration.
December
December 3–4
Unexplored Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease
Exploratory Seminar; Science
Paula Johnson (Harvard Medical School)
Janet Rich-Edwards (Harvard Medical School)
Jill M. Goldstein (Harvard Medical School)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability among women and men in the United States and globally. Emerging epidemiologic evidence indicates sex differences in CVD risk, presentation, progression, treatment response, and outcome. Elucidating sex differences in the specific pathways that cause clinical CVD would benefit both sexes, guiding rational diagnosis and development of sex-specific treatment strategies. We know that, although CVD is an adult-onset disorder, it has fetal and early childhood antecedents that lay the vulnerability for risk in adulthood. We propose to examine CVD from a developmental perspective, including sex differences in cardiovascular development and function in utero, childhood/adolescence, reproduction, menopausal transition, and postmenopause. This lifecourse approach incorporates genetic, hormonal, environmental, and epigenetic aspects of development, leading to new opportunities for early prevention and yielding greater knowledge of CVD etiology with which to develop sex-specific treatments. For our seminar, we propose to convene basic science, clinical, and epidemiological experts in cardiovascular development and function—including hormonal, inflammatory, and genetic factors related to CVD—to develop a research agenda to explore sex differences in CVD. At the end of the conference, a smaller group of investigators will draft specific research aims to form the basis of a program project on sex differences in cardiovascular disease.
January
January 22–24
Up Against Family Law Exceptionalism
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities and Social Science
Janet Halley (Harvard Law School)
Brenda Cossman (Law, University of Toronto)
Kerry Rittich (Law, University of Toronto)
Family and family law are often treated as exceptional. The claim that the family and/or family laws is/are unique takes many forms: they are unique because (unlike the market) they house intimate, private, emotional, and vulnerable relationships; they are unique because they preserve (against modernity and/or the global or foreign) the traditional, the national, and the indigenous; and they are unique because (as against the secular) they derive from sacred command. Sometimes the claim is descriptive: the law curriculum, for instance, implicitly claims that family law is an autonomous domain of legal regulation with a distinctive set of rules, norms, and practices that sets it apart from other regulatory domains. But family law exceptionalism is also packed with many normative projects—that is, with claims that family law (or marriage, or “the family”) should be different because of the unique, special, crucial, affective, altruistic, social-ordering, and/or sacred nature of the relationships that it houses. This seminar will explore the ways in which the descriptive and normative claims of family law exceptionalism produce a vast range of disciplinary effects, running from the curriculum, the code, and case law to our understandings of sexuality, our habits of domestic architecture, and our modes of distributing social security. It inquires into the discursive and distributive effects of this exceptionalism.
February
February 5–6
Racial Disparities, Life Course, and Environment: Do Endocrine Disruptors Impact Breast Cancer Risk in Young, African American Women?
Exploratory Seminar; Science
A. Lindsay Frazier (Harvard Medical School and Harvard School of Public Health)
Tamarra James Todd (Harvard School of Public Health)
Young African American women are more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer compared with their young, white counterparts, resulting in a higher burden of deaths among this subgroup of women. Established breast cancer risk factors suggest that lifetime exposure to estrogen may be involved in the onset of breast cancer. However, these risk factors fail to explain fully the racial disparity in breast cancer risk among young women. Therefore, further identification of new risk factors is needed to explain this disparity, including assessment of new exposures that are more prevalent among African American women and that occur early in life. Given the involvement of estrogen in the onset of breast cancer, endocrine disruptors that mimic estrogens may need to be further assessed, especially those chemicals more commonly used among African Americans during childhood. In this seminar, we will explore racial disparities in breast cancer risk, early life exposures that can increase the risk of breast cancer, and patterns of endocrine disruptor exposures to determine whether these chemicals can aid in explaining the racial disparity in breast cancer among young, African American women.
February 6–7
Statistical Modeling for Networks in the Biological, Computational, and Social Sciences
Exploratory Seminar; Social Science and Science
Joseph K. Blitzstein (Statistics, Harvard University)
Xiao-Li Meng (Statistics, Harvard University)
Edoardo Airoldi (Statistics, Harvard University [January 2009])
This seminar will focus on developing statistical models and methods for the analysis of graphs and networks that arise in the biological, computational, and social sciences. The study of such networks raises a wide array of core-scientific, inferential, and computational questions, and thus we plan to bring together a team of statisticians, computer scientists, sociologists, and biologists who will bring different tools and perspectives but all of whom share a common interest in making sense of network data, e.g., how to find and understand “motifs” and “communities” within a network. We will identify and explore problems surrounding the building, fitting, validation, and interpretation of models for network data drawn from the above-mentioned fields. As this is a nascent area, we will use this opportunity to set a detailed scientific agenda to drive future collaborative work on the statistical analysis of networks.
February 26–28
Searching for Dark Matter: A Unified Approach
Exploratory Seminar; Science
Christopher Stubbs (Physics and Astronomy, Harvard University)
Richard Gaitskell (Physics, Brown University)
Peter Fisher (Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
We don’t know what makes up most of the mass in the Universe. The stars and gas that we observe directly make up only about 10 percent of the mass of galaxies like the Milky Way. We infer the existence of the other 90 percent, the “dark matter,” through its gravitational influence on the luminous matter. We propose to bring together three communities, which tend to work on this problem in isolation: observational astronomers, whose studies of the detailed motions of galaxies and their constituents can teach us about the nature of dark matter; experimental physicists, who are building apparatus to look for laboratory evidence of exotic particles that might make up the dark matter; and particle physicists, whose upcoming experiments at the LHC accelerator (due to turn on this coming year) could produce dark matter in particle collisions. Our seminar’s goal is to explore how, as a community, we can best mount a combined program in the coming decade, drawing upon these diverse approaches.
March
March 26–28
Cooperation and Human Systems Design
Exploratory Seminar; Social Science, Science, and Law
Yochai Benkler (Harvard Law School)
David Parkes (Natural Science and Computer Science, Harvard University)
The seminar will initiate a conversation that brings together leading researchers in the field of cooperation from across disciplines, considers their research methods and results, seeks to understand the corresponding levers for influencing human behavior, and sets an agenda for research and experimentation moving forward. Our understanding of the creation and implementation of these levers is evolving from models based on selfish rationality, to ones that integrate new approaches advanced by the rise of information technology and globalization with new research on the sociological, economic, and evolutionary bases of cooperation.
April
April 3–4
Humanitarian Demining
Exploratory Seminar; Science
Robert D. Howe (Engineering, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences)
Thrishantha Nanayakkara RI ’09 (Visiting Scholar, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences)
The need for humanitarian demining is essential for the economic recovery of many war torn countries such as Sri Lanka, Angola, Mozambique, Afghanistan, Egypt, Iraq, Cambodia, and Kosovo, among others. For instance, in a small country such as Sri Lanka, there are an estimated 2.5 million landmines concentrated in about 10 percent of the land. Despite the fact that millions of dollars have been spent on removing these mines, the progress of all humanitarian demining projects have been notoriously slow because almost all efforts are directed toward detecting and removing mines with outdated technology. As a result of this inefficiency, the average cost to detect and remove a single landmine remains around US $1,500. Therefore, the challenge is to develop a technology that would be affordable for clearance organizations while being efficient and effective at the same time. The objective of the seminar is to bring together a group of stakeholders in global humanitarian demining to identify the current state of affairs and future opportunities for demining research and development. This involves identifying the most promising funding sources and most viable scientific and leadership approaches to solve the core problems. Hopefully this background will help us to plan a focused Harvard initiative that brings together key Harvard groups to address a global issue which will not only help millions of people get back on their feet, but could potentially open up a multimillion dollar market in terms of improving the purchasing power of the affected communities.
April 24–25
The Politics and Philology of Security
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities and Social Science
Marc Shell (Comparative Literature and English, Harvard University)
John Hamilton (Comparative Literature and German, Columbia University)
Given the present global preoccupation with issues of security, this seminar proposes to investigate the broader significance of general notions of security that have coursed through philosophical and literary productions across various historical and cultural traditions. From the dual vantage points of politics and philology, participants are invited to interrogate selected works in relation to a host of criteria, problems, and paradoxes that lie implicit in current treatments of security concerns. Reflection on the intellectual and emotional careers of security—on the lexical usages, themes, and discourses that motivate the textual-artistic examples—promises to disclose a crucial understanding of the way security works to ground and undermine political, military, and civic strategies. Conversely, we will shed light on how issues of calculability and risk assessment, surveillance and certainty, and identity and its protection contribute to and qualify the formulation of diverse works of art and literature.
May
May 8–9
The Rhetoric of Resemblance
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities
Stephanie Sandler (Slavic Languages, Harvard University)
Cathy Popkin (Slavic Languages, Columbia University)
Although theories of difference have dominated much theoretical work in the humanities for the last century, new analyses of sameness and similarity seem potentially more useful in thinking through the complex identities of Slavic cultures. Studying together some important theories of resemblance in language, literature, politics, and the visual arts, we will explore the meanings of resemblance in symptomatic films, stories, and essays. Our key questions include: do rhetorical tropes of resemblance and narratives about similarity become allegories of one another? If so, to what effect? What difference does the Slavic notion of community make for ideas of psychic sameness? At what historical junctures does a propensity to find similarity in radically disparate things emerge? What political and aesthetic role is played by narratives of kinship and generation? Do the visual and the verbal inevitably create relationships of mimicry?
May 14–16
The Scholar and the Archives: Strategies for Reading Islamic Court Records
Advanced Seminar; Humanities and Social Science
Cemal Kafadar (History, Harvard University)
Beshara Doumani RI ’08 (History, University of California at Berkeley)
This workshop has three goals. We first will consider the questions of when, why, how, by whom, and for what purposes the Islamic court records—the richest body of source materials for studying the social, economic and cultural history of the early modern and modern Middle East—have been used thus far. We would like to take a critical look at the political and intellectual agendas that have made Islamic court records visible to researchers in the first place and that have shaped the forms of knowledge production based on them. Our second goal is to reflect on the disciplinary, theoretical, and methodological challenges that historians, anthropologists, and legal scholars face when working with this particular genre of archives. How have the archives of Islamic courts (in the past and present) been constructed, preserved, and reconstructed through the labors of states, scholars, and bureaucrats? And what are the most fruitful ways to read these records if one wants to learn more about key themes such as language and power, legal history and social change, state governance and legal institutions, local dynamics and transnational history, and gender and property? Our third goal is to produce an edited volume that aspires to become a must-read reference for all scholars interested in working with qadi court records. We will discuss ideas for the contents and structure of the book at the end of the workshop. Each participant will prepare a brief essay on strategies of reading that raises questions about methodology and theoretical approach, illustrated by a specific case study. These essays can then become the core of what we expect to be a chapter that each participant will contribute to the edited volume.
May 18–21
Locomotion/Emotion: Human Perception of Complex Movement
Exploratory Seminar; Arts and Science
Christine Dakin RI '08 (Dancer, Independent Artist)
Jane Wang RI '08 (Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University)
Why and how do we react to complex and rhythmic movement across the spectrum of human and natural world motion: human dance, animal locomotion, fluttering leaves? These movements, in primitive and evolved forms, evoke poetic feelings in us. Our idea for this exploratory seminar is to bring together a cross-disciplinary group of artists and scientists, particularly those in cognitive and brain sciences, who share an interest in movement in nature and humans. We hope to articulate our common fascination and response to movement, gain insight into its perception and cognition, and identify research topics for future collaborations.
May 29–30
On History and Deep Time
Advanced Seminar; Humanities, Social Science, and Science
Daniel L. Smail (History, Harvard University)
Andrew Shryock (Anthropology, University of Michigan)
This seminar will bring together scholars in the humanities, social sciences, and human sciences for the purpose of writing and integrating chapters for an edited volume called On History and Deep Time. This project works across the gaps that currently separate the short chronology of the humanities and social sciences from the deep time of the natural sciences that are concerned with the evolution of the human species. In a previous exploratory seminar hosted by the Radcliffe Institute in 2008, contributors to this project discussed several reasons why the discipline of human history has not yet come to terms with the temporal revolution of the 1860s, when time came to be seen as stretching far beyond the 6,000 years posited by the Judeo-Christian tradition. Other branches of the humanities and social sciences, taking their cue from history, also tend to operate exclusively within the short chronology. In the wake of advances made in paleoanthropological and genomic research over the past two decades, it is now crucial for scholars in the humanities and social sciences to learn to think with deep time. Likewise, scholars in the fields that comprise paleoanthropology and human population genetics need to explore narrative devices for linking the deep and recent past. Building on key insights gained during our exploratory workshop, this seminar will produce an innovative study that uses collaborative, interdisciplinary analysis to bring complex understandings of human history and deep time into unified conceptual frameworks.
June
June 17–20
Undocumented and Unaccompanied Children: Building Bridges Among Academics, Activists, and Practitioners
Exploratory Seminar; Social Science
Susan J. Terrio RI ’06 (Anthropology and French, Georgetown University)
This exploratory seminar centers on the undocumented and often unaccompanied minor children who arrive voluntarily or involuntarily in the US and are at risk for labor and sexual exploitation as well as prolonged periods of detention, neglect, maltreatment or even deportation. Undocumented minors have become increasingly visible as both a problem and a challenge because of intensified transnational immigration and the radical shift in sources of new immigration from Europe to Latin America and Asia. The problem of undocumented, unaccompanied minors has become a politicized public policy issue as a result of increased writings—personal testimonials and journalistic exposes—on immigration detention centers, trafficked children, and teenage "terrorists" held at Guantanamo or in elsewhere in the US and abroad, as well as child soldiers rebuilding their lives after rescue. Despite the increased public attention to this issue, recent scholarly research on vulnerable communities by anthropologists, sociologists, and legal experts has not yet reached a wider public audience or influenced public policy. This seminar is intended to bring together academics, activists, and practitioners on the national and international levels. The aims are to share timely and relevant knowledge, to develop strategies for bringing this knowledge to a wider public, and to think collaboratively in terms of policy and programmatic recommendations.
June 25–27
Postcolonial Music Studies
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities
Ingrid Monson (Music, Harvard University)
Olivia Bloechl (Musicology, University of California at Los Angeles)
Sindhumathi Revuluri (Music, Harvard University)
This exploratory seminar aims to bring together scholars in music studies to develop new approaches to musical life in colonial, postcolonial, and neocolonial contexts. Imperialism and colonization have influenced the organization of many societies globally, and this influence extends to their music or sound culture, which can in turn alter political and social life in complex ways. The categories of the colonial and the postcolonial provide important new critical perspectives on music’s involvement in unequal power relations and in the organization of cultural and intersubjective difference. The seminar will provide participants with an opportunity to explore collectively work in other disciplines that are relevant to the study of music in colonial contexts, with the aim of jointly envisioning the scope and aims of a postcolonial music studies. The seminar will also take up the question of what the study of music uniquely brings to colonial and postcolonial studies. We hope to encourage interdisciplinary inquiry—including that initiated by scholars in other fields—which involves music in a serious way. Seminar discussions will center on the question of how best to theorize relations between colonialism and musical life, with the explicit aim of recognizing and working to disable colonial legacies that continue to shape our fields and their knowledge of past and present human communities.
June 25–27
The Encyclopedic Impulse in Early Modern Europe
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities
Christopher D. Johnson (Comparative Literature, Harvard University)
Tom Conley (Romance Languages and Literatures and Visual and Environmental Studies, Harvard University)
"Nothing is more pleasant than to know everything," declared the virtuoso, Ulisse Aldrovandi towards the end of the sixteenth century. In the late Renaissance this thirst for total or "perfected" knowledge often took the form of encyclopedism. As both an ideal and a material object, the encyclopedia was one of the most dynamic, powerful engines of late Renaissance intellectual culture. It occurred in an astonishing range of genres, including the natural history, dictionary, and scholarly commentary, but also the novel, essay collection, atlas, emblem book, and catalogue. To map these myriads genres and investigate how they interacted and what they hoped to accomplish, this seminar will engage recent scholarship on individual encyclopedists, literary genres, epistemology, the history of the book, and early modern cultures of writing and reading. In so doing, we want to explore how the early modern encyclopedia helped remake notions of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity. We aim as well to investigate how the many forms and methods of early modern encyclopedism continue to inform twenty-first century approaches to the selection, arrangement, and transmission of knowledge.
July
July 22–25
Surrealism and Non-Normative Sexualities
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities
Brad Epps (Romance Languages and Women, Gender and Sexuality, Harvard University)
Susan Suleiman RI ’06 (Romance Languages and Comparative Literature, Harvard University)
The omnipotence of desire is surrealism's sole article of faith—so contended André Breton, self-appointed pope of the movement. Surrealism, under Breton and others, claimed to emancipate human desire and wasted no opportunity to express its contempt for the inhibitions wrought in the name of the church, state, and family. Alongside such liberational rhetoric, Breton's notorious tirades against homosexuality and other non-normative sexual identities and practices sit awkwardly and raise important questions about the “nature” of liberation, avant-garde experimentation, and radical critique. While the broad topic of surrealism and sexuality has received considerable attention, scholars have tended to shy away from surrealism's fraught relationship with “perverse” sexualities, homosexuality principal among them. The skittishness and silence are regrettable, because surrealism, despite Breton's intolerance, did attract a formidable array of queer artists and writers, particularly as it wrenched itself away from Breton. Indeed, these “other” surrealists were demonstrably connected with surrealism’s cultural reception in Great Britain, the United States, Spain, Mexico, Germany, Australia, and elsewhere. Long after surrealism's heyday in 1920s France, these artists and writers nurtured the development of surrealism, often laying the groundwork for creative negotiations of the body, gender, and sexuality by subsequent generations of artists (notably experimental filmmakers, body and performance artists, photographers, etc.). Desirous not merely to recuperate a welter of alternative desires at play in surrealism but also to push at established disciplinary and national boundaries, we propose to bring together a diverse but coherent group of scholars from around the world—and at various stages of their careers—who work on surrealist literature, film, and art and/or on gender and sexuality in order redress the inattention and fragmentation of this important topic.
August
August 3–7
Nocturnal Histories: Witchcraft and the Shamanic Legacy of Pre-Christian Europe
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities and Social Science
Stephen A. Mitchell RI ’05 (Scandinavian and Folklore, Harvard University)
Neil Price (Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Scotland)
2009 will mark the twentieth publication anniversary of Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg’s landmark study Storia notturna, translated as Ecstasies: deciphering the witches’ Sabbath. This work transformed the study of European witchcraft, discussing the phenomenon from the gendered perspective of its practitioners rather than merely its persecutors. Its core thesis, that much of the Christian faith in Europe was underlain by centuries-old strata of pre-Christian cults and essentially shamanic practices, set the agenda for two decades of subsequent research. With Ginzburg himself as guest of honor, this seminar aims to bring together historians, archaeologists, students of religion, folklorists, and literary scholars to discuss the current state of thought around this fundamental subject, and to map out a new trajectory for the future of witchcraft studies.
August 23–25
History of Reading across Cultures: The Jewish Book and Its Readers in Early Modern Europe
Exploratory Seminar; Humanities and Social Science
Magda Teter RI '08 (History, Wesleyan University)
Rachel Greenblatt (Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University)
Today we are witnessing “an information revolution.” New technology, the Internet, has provided us with new ways to disseminate information. The information revolution of today has made us learn to cope with, what Ann Blair has called in another context, “the information overload.” We read differently on-line than from books, and new technology forces us to develop new skills to process information. But centuries earlier, Europeans faced their own “information revolution” that forced them to learn how to cope with “the information overload” of their time—the printing press. With better access to texts, a new group of readers emerged, adapting old techniques to new conditions, or developing new skills to process the information. This subject has been studied by cultural historians of Europe; this workshop seeks to connect them and their findings with scholars of Jewish cultural history. Ironically, we know little about how “the people of the Book” read in the premodern era. This workshop seeks to examine the how Jewish readers coped with this new development and what the areas of direct or indirect interaction between Jewish and Christian readers were. What did they read and how did they process available information? We seek to form collaborative interaction between scholars of Jewish history, early modern history, and literature and to facilitate cross-fertilization of ideas among them.
